BOPBYS ( target, tools, nopts, opts, optdta, bodys, nbodys, ifail )
===================================================================
Global or local boolean operation on bodies
Receives:
KI_tag_list_entity *target --- target body or list of faces
KI_tag_list_entity *tools --- tool bodies or faces of tool body
<KI_int_nitems> *nopts --- number of boolean options
KI_cod_boop opts[nopts] --- boolean option codes
<KI_tag_list_entity> optdta[nopts] --- boolean option data lists
Returns:
KI_tag_list_body *bodys --- resulting bodies
KI_int_nitems *nbodys --- number of bodies
KI_cod_error *ifail --- failure code
Specific errors:
KI_boolean_failure Unrecognised result
Invalid matched region
Inconsistent arguments, or internal error
KI_partial_no_intersect No imprinting in local boolean
KI_non_manifold Non-manifold result
KI_t_sheet T-sheet
KI_partial_coi_found Boolean failure due to partial coincidence
KI_cant_intsc_solid_sheet Cannot intersect solid target with sheet tool bodies
KI_solid_has_void Illegal void
KI_not_solid Body is not solid
KI_not_sheet Body is not sheet
KI_opposed_sheets Attempt to unite opposed sheets
KI_cant_unite_solid_sheet Attempt to unite solid and sheet
KI_unsuitable_topology A faceset selector is from boundary or wrong body
KI_tool_faces_many_bodies Tool faces are from more than one body
KI_targ_faces_many_bodies Target faces are from more than one body
KI_mixed_sheets_solids Mixture of sheet and solid tool bodies
KI_instanced_tools Instanced tool bodies
KI_duplicate_targets Duplication in list of target faces
KI_duplicate_tools Duplication in list of tool bodies
KI_too_many_targets Too many target bodies
KI_unsuitable_entity Target or tool not a face or body
mixed body
KI_wire_body Target or tool has wireframe or acorn components
KI_missing_geom Target or tool has incomplete geometry
KI_same_tool_and_target Tool body is also target body
KI_contradictory_request Bad combination of options or data for type of boolean
KI_not_in_same_partition Target and tools are not all in the same partition
KI_general_body Target or tool is general body
Description:
Introduction:
A boolean operation between the target body and the tool bodies is
performed. The target body (workpiece) is modified, the tool bodies
modifiers) are deleted, and their tags become dead. The resulting body or
bodies replace the workpiece in the world, and are returned in a list.
The boolean may be global or local. A global boolean involves the
comparison of all face pairs from the target and tool bodies, and so can
guarantee topological consistency in the result.
A local boolean is faster than a global boolean as it involves the
comparison of only the face pairs given in 'target' and 'tools' but
topological consistency in the result cannot be guaranteed.
This function will accept general bodies in 'target' or 'tools' only if
the interface parameter SLIPGT is set to one (see SEINTP).
The Boolean Algorithm:
A local or global boolean may be a union, subtraction, intersection, or
trim with sheet. The type of boolean performed can be selected with an
option code in 'opts' (see below). If no option code is supplied, the
default action is union.
Booleans in Parasolid may be thought of as being performed in three main
phases. These are imprinting, gluing, and selection.
In the imprinting phase the faces of the target and the tool bodies are
intersected with each other to produce new edges where they meet. These
edges divide the faces of each body into facesets which are either inside,
outside, or on the boundary of, the other bodies.
In the gluing phase the resulting sets of faces are joined together into
a single intermediate body.
In the selection phase the parts of the model which are to be kept or
rejected are selected, according to the type of boolean being performed
and the options supplied, using information gained in the earlier phases.
Booleans Performed with SLIPGT set to zero:
If SLIPGT is set to zero, the result of the boolean may be any number of
bodies, each of which is a manifold and connected solid or sheet.
A union extends the target body by gluing to it all facesets of the tool
bodies which are outside the target body.
A subtraction modifies the target body by removing all facesets which
overlap with the tool bodies.
An intersection reduces the target body to only those facesets which
overlap with the tool bodies.
Trim with sheet reduces the target to only those facesets behind the
sheet tool bodies.
Punch is used in conjunction with union or subtraction. It takes a sheet
target and solid tools to give a sheet result. Punch modifies a sheet
target body by removing all facesets which overlap with the solid tool
bodies and gluing to it all facesets of the tool bodies which are in front
of (for unions) or behind (for subtractions) the sheet target body.
Booleans Performed with SLIPGT set to one:
With SLIPGT set to one, the result of the boolean will be a single body,
which may be disconnected, non-manifold, of mixed dimension, or any
combination of these. The options BOOPPS and BOOPPV may be used to 'prune
off' lower-dimension components of the result (see below).
A union extends the target body after imprinting to include all the
facesets from both 'tools' and 'target'.
A subtraction modifies the target body by removing from it those pieces
which overlap with the union of the tool bodies.
An intersection reduces the target body to those pieces which overlap
with the union of the tool bodies.
Local booleans, trim with sheet and punch sheet, and booleans on general
input bodies with acorn or wireframe components, are not yet supported.
Global Booleans:
A global boolean is performed if both 'target' and 'tools' are bodies. One
target body and one or more tool bodies are required. If more than one
tool body is supplied, the union of overlapping tool bodies is computed
first, and then the boolean between 'tools' and 'target' is performed.
Local Booleans:
Local booleans can only be performed with SLIPGT set to zero.
A local boolean is performed if one or both of 'target' and 'tools' is a
list of faces. 'Target' must contain one or more faces from a single body,
and 'tools' must contain one or more faces from another body. Supplying a
body for either 'target' or 'tools' (but not both), is equivalent to
listing all the faces of the body.
In a local boolean, only the edges of intersection of the given faces are
imprinted, unless the BOOPEF or BOOPSX options are selected (see below).
The loops of imprinted edges divide the boundary of both bodies into
facesets. For a global boolean all the facesets of the tool bodies lie
completely inside or outside the target body. However, this is not
necessarily the case for a local boolean, as not all faces of both bodies
are used to compute the imprinted edges. For a local boolean, boundary
facesets of the tool body are classified inside if they are locally inside
the target body near a loop of imprinted edges, and outside if they are
locally outside near the loop of imprinted edges.
The option BOOPEF may be used to ensure that the imprinted loops are
complete.
The option BOOPSX may be used to eliminate the possibility of self
intersecting results.
In a local boolean unite, boundary facesets of the tool body which are
outside the target body are glued to the target. In a local boolean
subtract, intersect or trim, only boundary facesets of the tool body
inside the target body are used.
It is also possible for a local boolean to use a subset of these boundary
facesets in computing the result. All facesets to be included in the
result can be selected using the BOOPIC option, or all facesets to be
excluded from the result can be selected using the BOOPEC option. It is
not possible to select both BOOPIC and BOOPEC options, ie it is not
possible to identify some facesets to be included, and some to be
excluded, in the same operation. The facesets must be from the tool body.
Each faceset must be unambiguously identified by a face, edge or vertex
which is interior to it (see below).
For a local boolean there must be at least one intersection between the
topology of 'target' and 'tools' (i.e. at least 1 face pair must clash).
If this is not the case the boolean will be performed and the error
KI_partial_no_intersect will be returned.
Merging and Tag Persistence:
The result of a local or global boolean may contain a number of new
mergable faces, edges and vertices. These are not merged away unless
requested by selecting the BOOPME option. Only new mergable entities are
deleted. The mergable faces, edges and vertices of the original target
and tool bodies are not merged away.
Tag persistence rules for all global and local booleans can be summarised
as follows:
1. If a face will shrink (be truncated), then its tag will persist.
2. If a face will grow as a result of merging two or more faces
together, then the oldest target face will persist.
3. If a face will be split into several faces, then one of the resulting
faces will have the tag of the original face, and all other tags will
be new.
Optimising Booleans:
The boolean operation can be optimised, depending on the configuration of
the target and tool bodies, when additional information is known
regarding tool bodies not clashing with each other, or not clashing with
edges on the 'target' face or body.
This optimisation is enabled by the options BOOCSH and BOOINF. These
apply not only to instancing operations, but also to booleans with
multiple tools which need not be instances of the same body.
If the BOOCSH option is used, the edges of each tool body may clash with
the edges of the target body, but the tool bodies must not clash with
each other.
If the BOOINF option is used, the tool bodies may clash with each other,
but must not clash with existing edges on the target body.
A combination of both options will ensure no intersection tests are
performed between the target and tool bodies.
The options which can be selected for both global and local booleans are
summarised below:
Code in | Entry in |
'opts' | 'optdta' | Description
_________|_____________|________________________________________________
| |
BOOPIN | NULTAG | Intersect 'target' with 'tools'. 'Target'
| | is reduced to the volume (or area for sheet
| | intersections) which overlaps 'tools'.
| |
BOOPSU | NULTAG | Subtract 'tools' from 'target'. 'Target' is
| | modified by removal of all volumes (or areas
| | for sheet subtractions) which overlap 'tools'.
| |
BOOPUN | NULTAG | Unite 'tools' with 'target'. 'Target' is
(default) | | extended by the inclusion of all volumes (or
| | areas for sheet unions) contained in 'tools'.
| | This is the default action if no code for
| | type of boolean is provided.
| |
BOOPTS | NULTAG | Trim 'target' with sheet 'tools'. 'Target' is
| | trimmed to all volumes (or areas for sheet
| | trims) behind the sheet 'tools'.
| |
BOOPPU | NULTAG | Punch 'target' sheet with solid 'tools'. The
| | result is the areas of the 'target' sheet
| | outside the solid 'tools' plus the areas of
| | faces of the solid 'tools' on one side of the
| | sheet 'target'. With BOOPUN this will be in
| | front of the sheet and with BOOPSU it will be
| | behind. This cannot be used with BOOPIN.
| |
BOOPME | NULTAG | Merge all mergable imprinted edges created by
| | the boolean.
| |
BOOCSH | NULTAG | None of the new 'tools' booleaned with
| | the 'target' clash with each other. It
| | may be the case that they clash with
| | existing edges on the 'target', including
| | the periphery edge.
| |
BOOINF | NULTAG | None of the new 'tools' clash with any of
| | the existing edges on the 'target', periphery
| | or internal. It may be the case that the
| | 'tools' clash with each other.
The options which can be selected for local booleans only are summarised
below:
Code in | Entry in |
'opts' | 'optdta' | Description
_________|_____________|_________________________________________________
| |
BOOPEF | NULTAG | Extend face list 'target'. If the imprinting
| | phase of the local boolean results in
| | incomplete loops of imprinted edges, additional
| | faces in 'target' will be used. This option has
| | no effect if 'target' is a body.
| |
BOOPSX | NULTAG | Stop self-intersections occurring in the result.
| | The tool faces are compared with all faces of
| | the target, to avoid self-intersections in the
| | result, outside the given faces of interest.
| |
BOOPEC | face, edge | Identify boundary facesets of the tool body to
| or vertex, | be excluded from the local boolean. All other
| or list of | useful boundary facesets will be used in the
| same, one | result. The list in 'optdta' must contain faces,
| entity | edges or vertices of the tool body, which do
| for each | not intersect any of the target faces.
| faceset to |
| be excluded |
| |
BOOPIC | face, edge | Identify boundary facesets of the tool body to
| or vertex, | be included in the local boolean. All other
| or list of | boundary facesets will not be used in the result.
| same, one | The list in 'optdta' must contain faces, edges
| entity | or vertices of the tool body, which do not
| for each | intersect any of the target faces.
| faceset to |
| be included |
The options which are specific to global booleans when SLIPGT is set to one
are summarised below:
Code in | Entry in |
'opts' | 'optdta' | Description
_________|_____________|_________________________________________________
| |
BOOPPS | NULTAG | Prune solid regions of the result.
| | Any faces, edges, or vertices in the result body
| | which are completely surrounded by solid regions
| | will be deleted.
| |
BOOPPV | NULTAG | Prune void regions of the result.
| | Any faces, edges, or vertices in the result body
| | which are completely surrounded by void regions
| | will be deleted, so long as the result body
| | contains some pieces of a higher dimension (for
| | example, a sheet face will only be deleted if
| | the result body contains at least one solid
| | region, and so on).
| |
