System CATSysPreferenceRepository
Usage: you must use this class as is. You should never derive it.
public class CATSysPreferenceRepository
Class for managing the user's preferences.
Role: CATSysPreferenceRepositories manage aggregates of attributes
that are used to store and retrieve values and parameters set by the user.
They are stored between working sessions in one preference file.
Each CATSysPreferenceRepository has a unique name used by the application to
access it. Each attribute within one CATSysPreferenceRepository is identified
by its name and type.
Setting attributes can store the values of simple types such as integers or
floats. In addition, a marshallable object should be saved as a setting
attribute with less or no impact on the application.
A CATSysPreferenceRepository instance can be saved in memory for temporary storage
using a commit/rollback mechanism, and in a file for persistent storage.
Method Index
- o
Commit()
- Makes a persistent copy of the CATSysPreferenceRepository in Memory.
- o
DelPreference(char*)
- Removes a given preference.
- o
GetPreferenceRepository(char*)
- Creates a CATSysPreferenceRepository.
- o
IsPresent(char*,char*)
- Indicates the existence of a given attribute.
- o
NextAttribute(char*,char*,CATLONG32*,short)
- Browses the CATSysPreferenceRepository.
- o
ReadPreference(char*,CATString*)
- Retrieves the value of a setting attribute.
- o
ReadPreference(char*,int*,CATLONG32)
- Retrieves the value of a setting attribute which is an array of ints.
- o
ReadPreference(char*,char*,CATLONG32)
- Retrieves the value of a setting attribute which is an array of char.
- o
ReadPreference(char*,float*,CATLONG32)
- Retrieves the value of a setting attribute which is an array of floats.
- o
ReadPreference(char*,short*,CATLONG32)
- Retrieves the value of a setting attribute which is an array of shorts.
- o
ReadPreference(char*,double*,CATLONG32)
- Retrieves the value of a setting attribute which is an array of doubles.
- o
ReadPreference(char*,CATBaseUnknown*)
- Retrieves the value of a setting attribute.
- o
ReadPreference(char*,CATUnicodeString*)
- Retrieves the value of a setting attribute.
- o
ReadPreference(char*,CATString**,CATLONG32)
- Retrieves the value of a setting attribute which is an array of CATString.
- o
ReadPreference(char*,unsigned int*,CATLONG32)
- Retrieves the value of a setting attribute which is an array of unsigned ints.
- o
ReadPreference(char*,CATBaseUnknown**,CATLONG32)
- Retrieves the value of a setting attribute which is an array of CATBaseUnknown.
- o
ReadPreference(char*,CATUnicodeString**,CATLONG32)
- Retrieves the value of a setting attribute which is an array of
CATUnicodeString.
- o
Rollback()
- Restores a previous persistent copy of the CATSysPreferenceRepository in Memory.
- o
SaveRepository(char*)
- Makes a persistent copy of the CATsettingRepository on file.
- o
WritePreference(char*,CATString*)
- Sets the value of a setting attribute.
- o
WritePreference(char*,int*,CATLONG32)
- Sets the value of a setting attribute which is an array of ints.
- o
WritePreference(char*,char*,CATLONG32)
- Sets the value of a setting attribute which is an array of chars.
- o
WritePreference(char*,float*,CATLONG32)
- Sets the value of a setting attribute which is an array of floats.
- o
WritePreference(char*,short*,CATLONG32)
- Sets the value of a setting attribute which is an array of shorts.
- o
WritePreference(char*,double*,CATLONG32)
- Sets the value of a setting attribute which is an array of doubles.
- o
WritePreference(char*,CATBaseUnknown*)
- Sets the value of a setting attribute.
- o
WritePreference(char*,CATUnicodeString*)
- Sets the value of a setting attribute.
- o
WritePreference(char*,CATString**,CATLONG32)
- Sets the value of a setting attribute which is an array of CATString.
- o
WritePreference(char*,unsigned int*,CATLONG32)
- Sets the value of a setting attribute which is an array of unsigned ints.
- o
WritePreference(char*,CATBaseUnknown**,CATLONG32)
- Sets the value of a setting attribute which is an array of CATBaseUnknown.
- o
WritePreference(char*,CATUnicodeString**,CATLONG32)
- Sets the value of a setting attribute which is an array of CATUnicodeString.
Methods
o Commit
-
Makes a persistent copy of the CATSysPreferenceRepository in Memory.
Role: Makes a persistent copy of the CATSysPreferenceRepository in Memory
The values of the attributes could be restore after that by doing a call to
.
- Returns:
- Legal values S_OK on Success, otherwise -1.
o DelPreference
| public DelPreference( | const | iAttributeName) |
-
Removes a given preference.
Role: Removes in the CATSysPreferenceRepository the attribute
named iAttributeName.
- Parameters:
-
- iAttributeName
- The name of the attribute to be removed.
Legal values: The length of the string must be less than or equal
to
.
- Returns:
- Legal values 0 on Success, otherwise negative.
o GetPreferenceRepository
| public static GetPreferenceRepository( | const | iPrefName) |
-
Creates a CATSysPreferenceRepository.
Role: Creates the unique instance of the class CATSysPreferenceRepository
named with the given argument. If a setting file exists, it is read.
- Parameters:
-
- iPrefName
- The name of the CATSysPreferenceRepository used by the applications
to retrieve it.
o IsPresent
| public IsPresent( | const | iAttributeName, |
| const | iAttributeClass) |
-
Indicates the existence of a given attribute.
Role: Searches within the CATSysPreferenceRepository for an attribute
named iAttributeName and of type iAttributeClass.
- Parameters:
-
- iAttributeName
- The name of the attribute to be set.
Legal values: The length of the string must be less than or equal
to
.
- iAttributeClass
- The type of the requested attribute, that could be "int", "float",...
- Returns:
- the number of elements constituting the attribute, otherwise negative.
o NextAttribute
| public NextAttribute( | | oAttributeName, |
| | oAttributeClass, |
| | oAttributeSize, |
| | iReset | = 0) |
-
Browses the CATSysPreferenceRepository.
Role: Returns the Name, the type and the number of constituting
elements of an attribute. The strings are copied but their allocation
must be done by the caller.
- Parameters:
-
- oAttributeName
- a pointer to an allocated buffer where the attribute's name will be copied
- oAttributeClass
- a pointer to an allocated buffer where the attribute's type will be copied
- oAttributeSize
- a pointer to a integer to put the number of constituting elements
- iReset
- iReset = 1 forces to begin with the first Attribute,reseting the state
reached with the last call to this method, otherwise 0
- Returns:
- Legal values 0 until reaching the last Attribute and returning
-1 when the last attribute is reached
o ReadPreference
| public ReadPreference( | const | iSettingName, |
| | ioSetting) |
-
Retrieves the value of a setting attribute.
Role: Retrieves using its name, the value of an attribute
constituted by one CATString. A pointer on a intialized and constructed
object of type CATString must be given as argument, because this object is
used to set the default value of the attribute, if it does not yet exist.
In this last case the method calls WritePreference () to initialize the settings
attribute.
- Parameters:
-
- iSettingName
- The name of the attribute to be set.
Legal values: The length of the string must be less than or
equal to
.
- ioSetting
- A pointer on a construted CATString. If the attribute has not
been yet created, then ioSetting is used as default values,
otherwise ioSetting is overwritten by the retrieved value.
- Returns:
- Legal values:
1 : on Success
0 : if a class conflict on the attribute has occured.
-1: on failure
o ReadPreference
| public ReadPreference( | const | iSettingName, |
| | ioSetting, |
| | iLength | =1) |
-
Retrieves the value of a setting attribute which is an array of ints.
Role: Retrieves using its name, the values of each element of the
array constituting an attribute. The array is defined as an array of initialized
ints because it is used to set the default value of the attribute, if it
does not yet exist. In this last case the method calls WritePreference () to
initialize the setting attribute.
- Parameters:
-
- iSettingName
- The name of the attribute to be set.
Legal values: The length of the string must be less than or
equal to
.
- ioSetting
- an array of initialized ints.
If the attribute has not been yet created, then the elements of
ioSetting are used as default values, otherwise the elements of
ioSetting are overwritten by the retrieved values.
- iLength
- The number of elements to read.
- Returns:
- Legal values:
>0: on Success returns the number of elements really read
0 : if a class conflict on the attribute has occured.
-1: on failure
o ReadPreference
| public ReadPreference( | const | iSettingName, |
| | ioSetting, |
| | iLength | =1) |
-
Retrieves the value of a setting attribute which is an array of char.
Role: Retrieves using its name, the values of each element of the
array constituting an attribute. The array is defined as an array of initialized
char because it is used to set the default value of the attribute, if it does
not yet exist. In this last case the method calls WritePreference () to initialize
the setting attribute.
- Parameters:
-
- iSettingName
- The name of the attribute to be set.
Legal values: The length of the string must be less than or
equal to
.
- ioSetting
- an array of initialized char.
If the attribute has not been yet created, then the elements of
ioSetting are used as default values, otherwise the elements of
ioSetting are overwritten by the retrieved values.
- iLength
- The number of elements to read.
- Returns:
- Legal values:
>0: on Success returns the number of elements really read
0 : if a class conflict on the attribute has occured.
-1: on failure
o ReadPreference
| public ReadPreference( | const | iSettingName, |
| | ioSetting, |
| | iLength | =1) |
-
Retrieves the value of a setting attribute which is an array of floats.
Role: Retrieves using its name, the values of each element of the
array constituting an attribute. The array is defined as an array of initialized
floats because it is used to set the default value of the attribute, if it
does not yet exist. In this last case the method calls WritePreference () to
initialize the setting attribute.
- Parameters:
-
- iSettingName
- The name of the attribute to be set.
Legal values: The length of the string must be less than or
equal to
.
- ioSetting
- an array of initialized floats.
If the attribute has not been yet created, then the elements of
ioSetting are used as default values, otherwise the elements of
ioSetting are overwritten by the retrieved values.
- iLength
- The number of elements to read.
- Returns:
- Legal values:
>0: on Success returns the number of elements really read
0 : if a class conflict on the attribute has occured.
-1: on failure
o ReadPreference
| public ReadPreference( | const | iSettingName, |
| | ioSetting, |
| | iLength | =1) |
-
Retrieves the value of a setting attribute which is an array of shorts.
Role: Retrieves using its name, the values of each element of the
array constituting an attribute. The array is defined as an array of initialized
shorts because it is used to set the default value of the attribute, if it
does not yet exist. In this last case the method calls WritePreference () to
initialize the setting attribute.
- Parameters:
-
- iSettingName
- The name of the attribute to be set.
Legal values: The length of the string must be less than or
equal to
.
- ioSetting
- an array of initialized shorts.
If the attribute has not been yet created, then the elements of
ioSetting are used as default values, otherwise the elements of
ioSetting are overwritten by the retrieved values.
- iLength
- The number of elements to read.
- Returns:
- Legal values:
>0: on Success returns the number of elements really read
0 : if a class conflict on the attribute has occured.
-1: on failure
o ReadPreference
| public ReadPreference( | const | iSettingName, |
| | ioSetting, |
| | iLength | =1) |
-
Retrieves the value of a setting attribute which is an array of doubles.
Role: Retrieves using its name, the values of each element of the
array constituting an attribute. The array is defined as an array of
initialized doubles because it is used to set the default value of the
attribute, if it does not yet exist. In this last case the method calls
WritePreference () to initialize the setting attribute.
- Parameters:
-
- iSettingName
- The name of the attribute to be set.
Legal values: The length of the string must be less than or
equal to
.
- ioSetting
- an array of initialized doubles.
If the attribute has not been yet created, then the elements of
ioSetting are used as default values, otherwise the elements of
ioSetting are overwritten by the retrieved values.
- iLength
- The number of elements to read.
- Returns:
- Legal values:
>0: on Success returns the number of elements really read
0 : if a class conflict on the attribute has occured.
-1: on failure
o ReadPreference
| public ReadPreference( | const | iSettingName, |
| | ioSetting) |
-
Retrieves the value of a setting attribute.
Role: Retrieves using its name, the value of an attribute
constituted by one CATBaseUnknown. A pointer on a intialized and constructed
object of type CATBaseUnknown must be given as argument, because this object
is used to set the default value of the attribute, if it does not yet exist.
In this last case the method calls WritePreference () to initialize the setting
attribute.
- Parameters:
-
- iSettingName
- The name of the attribute to be retrieved or created.
Legal values: The length of the string must be less than or
equal to
.
- ioSetting
- A pointer on an initialized CATBaseUnknow. If the attribute has not
been yet created, then ioSetting is used as default, otherwise
ioSetting is overwritten by the retrieved value.
- Returns:
- Legal values:
1 : on Success
0 : if a class conflict on the attribute has occured.
-1: on failure
o ReadPreference
| public ReadPreference( | const | iSettingName, |
| | ioSetting) |
-
Retrieves the value of a setting attribute.
Role: Retrieves using its name, the value of an attribute
constituted by one CATUnicodeString. A pointer on a intialized and constructed
object of type CATUnicodeString must be given as argument, because this object
is used to set the default value of the attribute, if it does not yet exist.
In this last case the method calls WritePreference () to initialize the setting
attribute.
- Parameters:
-
- iSettingName
- The name of the attribute to be set.
Legal values: The length of the string must be less than or
equal to
.
- ioSetting
- A pointer on a construted CATString.
If the attribute has not been yet created, then ioSetting
is used as default value, otherwise ioSetting is overwritten
by the retrieved value.
- Returns:
- Legal values:
1 : on Succes
0 : if a class conflict on the attribute has occured.
-1: on failure
o ReadPreference
| public ReadPreference( | const | iSettingName, |
| | ioSetting, |
| | iSize) |
-
Retrieves the value of a setting attribute which is an array of CATString.
Role: Retrieves using its name, the values of each element of the
array constituting an attribute. The array is defined as an array of pointers
on constructed CATString, because it is used to set the default value of
the attribute, if it does not yet exist. In this last case the method calls
WritePreference () to initialize the setting attribute.
- Parameters:
-
- iSettingName
- The name of the attribute to be set.
Legal values: The length of the string must be less than or
equal to
.
- ioSetting
- an array of pointeur on constructed CATString.
If the attribute has not been yet created, then the elements of
ioSetting are used as default values, otherwise the elements of
ioSetting are overwritten by the retrieved values.
- iSize
- The number of elements to read
- Returns:
- Legal values:
>0: on Success returns the number of elements really read
0 : if a class conflict on the attribute has occured.
-1: on failure
o ReadPreference
| public ReadPreference( | const | iSettingName, |
| | ioSetting, |
| | iLength | =1) |
-
Retrieves the value of a setting attribute which is an array of unsigned ints.
Role: Retrieves using its name, the values of each element of the
array constituting an attribute. The array is defined as an array of initialized
unsigned ints because it is used to set the default value of the attribute,
if it does not yet exist. In this last case the method calls WritePreference () to
initialize the setting attribute.
- Parameters:
-
- iSettingName
- The name of the attribute to be set.
Legal values: The length of the string must be less than or
equal to
.
- ioSetting
- an array of initialized unsigned ints.
If the attribute has not been yet created, then the elements of
ioSetting are used as default values, otherwise the elements of
ioSetting are overwritten by the retrieved values.
- iLength
- The number of elements to read.
- Returns:
- Legal values:
>0: on Success returns the number of elements really read
0 : if a class conflict on the attribute has occured.
-1: on failure
o ReadPreference
| public ReadPreference( | const | iSettingName, |
| | ioSetting, |
| | iSize) |
-
Retrieves the value of a setting attribute which is an array of CATBaseUnknown.
Role: Retrieves using its name, the values of each element of the
array constituting an attribute. The array is defined as an array of pointers on
constructed CATBaseUnknown, because it is used to set the default value of
the attribute, if it does not yet exist. In this last case the method calls
WritePreference () to initialize the setting attribute.
- Parameters:
-
- iSettingName
- The name of the attribute to be set.
Legal values: The length of the string must be less than
or equal to
.
- ioSetting
- an array of pointers on initialized CATBaseUnknow.
If the attribute has not been yet created, then the elements of
ioSetting are used as default values, otherwise the elements of
ioSetting are overwritten by the retrieved values.
- iSize
- The number of elements to read.
- Returns:
- Legal values:
>0: on Success returns the number of elements really read
0 : if a class conflict on the attribute has occured.
-1: on failure
o ReadPreference
| public ReadPreference( | const | iSettingName, |
| | ioSetting, |
| | iSize) |
-
Retrieves the value of a setting attribute which is an array of
CATUnicodeString.
Role: Retrieves using its name, the values of each element of the
array constituting an attribute. The array is defined as an array of pointers on
constructed CATUnicodeString, because it is used to set the default value of
the attribute, if it does not yet exist. In this last case the method calls
WritePreference () to initialize the setting attribute.
- Parameters:
-
- iSettingName
- The name of the attribute to be set.
Legal values: The length of the string must be less than
or equal to
.
- ioSetting
- an array of pointeur on constructed CATUnicodeString.
If the attribute has not been yet created, then the elements of
ioSetting are used as default values, otherwise the elements of
ioSetting are overwritten by the retrieved values.
- iSize
- The number of elements to read.
- Returns:
- Legal values:
>0: on Success returns the number of elements really read
0 : if a class conflict on the attribute has occured.
-1: on failure
o Rollback
-
Restores a previous persistent copy of the CATSysPreferenceRepository in Memory.
Role: Restores the persistent memory copy of the
CATSysPreferenceRepository, done by the lastest call to
. All modifications that have occured on any attributes of the
CATSysPreferenceRepository, since the lastest call to Commit, are discarded.
- Returns:
- Legal values S_OK on Success, otherwise negative.
o SaveRepository
| public SaveRepository( | const | iReseved | =NULL) |
-
Makes a persistent copy of the CATsettingRepository on file.
Role: Makes first a persistent copy of the CATsettingRepository
in Memory by calling
, then writes on file the persistent representation
- Parameters:
-
- iReserved
- reserved for internal use. Not to be used.
- Returns:
- Legal values 0 on Success, otherwise negative.
o WritePreference
| public WritePreference( | const | iSettingName, |
| | iSetting) |
-
Sets the value of a setting attribute.
Role: Sets the value of an attribute of type CATString
- Parameters:
-
- iSettingName
- The name of the attribute to be set.
Legal values: The length of the string must be less than
or equal to
.
- ioSetting
- pointer on a constructed CATString.
- Returns:
- Legal values:
1 : on Success
0 : if a class conflict on the attribute has occured.
-1: on failure
o WritePreference
| public WritePreference( | const | iSettingName, |
| | iSetting, |
| | iLength | =1) |
-
Sets the value of a setting attribute which is an array of ints.
Role: Sets the values of each element of the array constituting the
attribute. The array is defined as an array of initialized ints.
- Parameters:
-
- iSettingName
- The name of the attribute to be set.
Legal values: The length of the string must be less than or
equal to
.
- ioSetting
- an array of initialized ints.
- iLength
- The size of the array.
- Returns:
- Legal values:
1 : on Success
0 : if a class conflict on the attribute has occured.
-1: on failure
o WritePreference
| public WritePreference( | const | iSettingName, |
| | iSetting, |
| | iLength | =1) |
-
Sets the value of a setting attribute which is an array of chars.
Role: Sets the values of each element of the array constituting the
attribute. The array is defined as an array of initialized char.
- Parameters:
-
- iSettingName
- The name of the attribute to be set.
Legal values: The length of the string must be less than or
equal to
.
- ioSetting
- an array of initialized chars.
- iLength
- The size of the array.
- Returns:
- Legal values:
1 : on Success
0 : if a class conflict on the attribute has occured.
-1: on failure
o WritePreference
| public WritePreference( | const | iSettingName, |
| | iSetting, |
| | iLength | =1) |
-
Sets the value of a setting attribute which is an array of floats.
Role: Sets the values of each element of the array constituting the
attribute. The array is defined as an array of initialized floats.
- Parameters:
-
- iSettingName
- The name of the attribute to be set.
Legal values: The length of the string must be less than or
equal to
.
- ioSetting
- an array of initialized floats.
- iLength
- The size of the array.
- Returns:
- Legal values:
1 : on Success
0 : if a class conflict on the attribute has occured.
-1: on failure
o WritePreference
| public WritePreference( | const | iSettingName, |
| | iSetting, |
| | iLength | =1) |
-
Sets the value of a setting attribute which is an array of shorts.
Role: Sets the values of each element of the array constituting the
attribute. The array is defined as an array of initialized shorts.
- Parameters:
-
- iSettingName
- The name of the attribute to be set.
Legal values: The length of the string must be less than or
equal to
.
- ioSetting
- an array of initialized shorts.
- iLength
- The size of the array.
- Returns:
- Legal values:
1 : on Success
0 : if a class conflict on the attribute has occured.
-1: on failure
o WritePreference
| public WritePreference( | const | iSettingName, |
| | iSetting, |
| | iLength | =1) |
-
Sets the value of a setting attribute which is an array of doubles.
Role: Sets the values of each element of the array constituting the
attribute. The array is defined as an array of initialized doubles.
- Parameters:
-
- iSettingName
- The name of the attribute to be set.
Legal values: The length of the string must be less than or
equal to
.
- ioSetting
- an array of initialized doubles.
- iLength
- The size of the array.
- Returns:
- Legal values:
1 : on Success
0 : if a class conflict on the attribute has occured.
-1: on failure
o WritePreference
| public WritePreference( | const | iSettingName, |
| | iSetting) |
-
Sets the value of a setting attribute.
Role: Sets the value of an attribute of type CATBaseUnknown
- Parameters:
-
- iSettingName
- The name of the attribute to be set.
Legal values: The length of the string must be less than
or equal to
.
- ioSetting
- An initialized CATBaseUnknow.
- Returns:
- Legal values:
1 : on Success
0 : if a class conflict on the attribute has occured.
-1: on failure
o WritePreference
| public WritePreference( | const | iSettingName, |
| | iSetting) |
-
Sets the value of a setting attribute.
Role: Sets the value of an attribute of type CATUnicodeString
- Parameters:
-
- iSettingName
- The name of the attribute to be set.
Legal values: The length of the string must be less than or
equal to
.
- ioSetting
- pointer on a constructed CATUnicodeString.
- Returns:
- Legal values:
1 : on Success
0 : if a class conflict on the attribute has occured.
-1: on failure
o WritePreference
| public WritePreference( | const | iSettingName, |
| | iSetting, |
| | iSize) |
-
Sets the value of a setting attribute which is an array of CATString.
Role: Sets the values of each element of the array constituting the
attribute. The array is defined as an array of pointers on constructed
CATString.
- Parameters:
-
- iSettingName
- The name of the attribute to be set.
Legal values: The length of the string must be less than or
equal to
.
- ioSetting
- an array of pointeur on initialized CATString.
- iSize
- The size of the array.
- Returns:
- Legal values:
1 : on Success
0 : if a class conflict on the attribute has occured.
-1: on failure
o WritePreference
| public WritePreference( | const | iSettingName, |
| | iSetting, |
| | iLength | =1) |
-
Sets the value of a setting attribute which is an array of unsigned ints.
Role: Sets the values of each element of the array constituting the
attribute. The array is defined as an array of initialized unsigned ints.
- Parameters:
-
- iSettingName
- The name of the attribute to be set.
Legal values: The length of the string must be less than or
equal to
.
- ioSetting
- an array of initialized unsigned ints.
- iLength
- The size of the array.
- Returns:
- Legal values:
1 : on Success
0 : if a class conflict on the attribute has occured.
-1: on failure
o WritePreference
| public WritePreference( | const | iSettingName, |
| | iSetting, |
| | iSize) |
-
Sets the value of a setting attribute which is an array of CATBaseUnknown.
Role: Sets the values of each element of the array constituting the
attribute. The array is defined as an array of pointers on constructed
CATBaseUnknown.
- Parameters:
-
- iSettingName
- The name of the attribute to be set.
Legal values: The length of the string must be less than or
equal to
.
- ioSetting
- an array of pointeur on initialized CATBaseUnknow.
- iSize
- The size of the array.
- Returns:
- Legal values:
1 : on Success
0 : if a class conflict on the attribute has occured.
-1: on failure
o WritePreference
| public WritePreference( | const | iSettingName, |
| | iSetting, |
| | iSize) |
-
Sets the value of a setting attribute which is an array of CATUnicodeString.
Role: Sets the values of each element of the array constituting the
attribute. The array is defined as an array of pointers on constructed
CATUnicodeString.
- Parameters:
-
- iSettingName
- The name of the attribute to be set.
Legal values: The length of the string must be less than or
equal to
.
- ioSetting
- an array of pointeur on initialized CATUnicodeString.
- iSize
- The size of the array.
- Returns:
- Legal values:
1 : on Success
0 : if a class conflict on the attribute has occured.
-1: on failure
This object is included in the file: CATSysPreferenceRepository.h
If needed, your Imakefile.mk should include the module: JS0GROUP
Copyright © 1999-2015, Dassault Systèmes. All rights reserved.